Advanced maths is just lots of beginner maths all added together! I honestly believe that you can learn anything if you break it into small enough steps. That's why I have an annoying habit of believing I can do anything given enough effort lol. It's why I have so many hobbies and not enough time to do them, haha!
The era you mentioned is such a turning point in astronomy and science in general! Such wonderful minds! And then, of course, Newton was just phenomenal.
Physics lies at the heart of my interests and I love the application of it in the field of astronomy and also cosmology.
The colourised photograph below is one of my favourites, so many great minds in once place! I'm sure you will have seen it. It was taken at the Solvay Conference in 1927. Einstein, Dirac, Planck, Heisenberg, de Broglie, Curie, Schrödinger, Bohr, Pauli...astounding!